Which of the following symptoms would indicate a Yang deficiency diagnosis?

A Yang deficiency diagnosis is characterized by an overall lack of warmth and energy within the body, leading to a range of symptoms associated with coldness and deficiency. In this context, experiencing cold pain in the lower back aligns perfectly with the signs of Yang deficiency. The lower back is particularly affected because Yang energy is crucial for providing warmth and strength; when it is deficient, individuals may experience sensation of cold and pain in that area.

In contrast, the other symptoms listed—such as hot flashes, excess perspiration, and heat sensations—indicate a more Yang excess or a situation where heat is present in the body. Hot flashes are typically associated with imbalances that feature more Yang energy (often classified under Yin deficiency), while excess perspiration suggests the body’s attempt to cool down from the presence of heat rather than a deficiency of Yang. These symptoms do not reflect the cold, deficient state that characterizes Yang deficiency, thereby highlighting why cold pain in the lower back is the best indicator for this diagnosis.